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英语介绍中国传统春节习俗
腊月二十三——小年
December 23 of the Lunar Calendar (Little New Year)
Custom: Worshiping the Kitchen God
As the legend goes, there is a kitchen god in each house who is responsible for the kitchen and oversees the conduct of the family. On this day, the kitchen god returns to Heaven to report the conducts of the family to the Emperor of Heaven. Therefore, worshipping the kitchen god aims to “please him.” People put out some sweet and sticky foods, such as rice dumplings and malted sugar. In this way, the lips of the kitchen god will stuck together, and he cannot report any wrong doings of the family. Thus the family can lead an auspicious life.
习俗：祭灶
民俗传说中，每家都有一位灶神掌管饮食，也记录一家人的言行。今天，灶神就要返回天庭汇报这一户人一年的大小事，所以祭灶的主题就是“拉拢灶神”。在厨房内摆放些甜而粘牙的如汤圆、麦芽糖等食物，灶神的嘴被粘住，就少汇报些坏事，才能天降吉祥。
腊月二十四
December 24 of the Lunar Calendar
Custom: Dusting
After worshipping the kitchen god, people begin to thoroughly clean their houses to sweep away bad luck and welcome good luck. Dusting shows the good wish of putting away old things and welcoming a new life, making everything look fresh in the new year.
习俗：扫尘
祭灶后，人们便开始大扫除，扫尘除灾，以迎祥纳福。扫尘也是辞旧迎新，求的是万象更新的新年新气象。
腊月二十五
December 25 of the Lunar Calendar
Custom: Pasting Window Paper and Making Tofu
The times for pasting window paper are gone. Nowadays, the tradition is replaced by cleaning windows. Tofu is homophonic with “Toufu (first fortune of the year)”, so it is considered as a good food which brings happiness. In order to prepare it for the Spring Festival, people should begin to grind beans and make tofu today.
习俗：糊窗户、磨豆腐
纸糊窗户的时代已经过去，所以如今这习俗已经被擦玻璃取代。而豆腐音同“头福”，被视为能够为新年带来福气的好食材，要为过年做准备，今天就要开始磨豆自制豆腐了。
腊月二十六
December 26 of the Lunar Calendar
Custom: Preparation of Meat and Shopping for the Spring Festival
When there was insufficient food in the past, the majority of ordinary people could enjoy a comparatively lavish feast only during the Spring Festival can be started on the day. Besides meat and fish, people also purchase cigarettes, wines, fruits, gifts and festive ornaments.
习俗：割年肉、置年货
在物质不丰富的年代，大多寻常人家要到年节期间才能吃得丰富一些。割年肉主要指准备春节的肉食，实际上也代表各种年货可以从这一天开始置办，除了鱼、肉，还有烟酒瓜果以及礼品、装饰等。
腊月二十七
December 27 of the Lunar Calendar
Custom: Bating and Going to the Market
According to the traditional folk customs of the Han ethnic group, people should take a bath and do their washings to get rid of bad luck from the past year and welcome the new year. Besides the purpose of purchasing goods, people also go shopping to enjoy the exciting atmosphere of the Spring Festival in advance.
习俗：洗浴、赶集
汉族传统民俗中，在这天要洗澡、洗衣，以除去一年的晦气，准备迎接来年的新春。赶集，除了担负置办年货的任务，也能提前感受过年的热闹气息。
腊月二十八
December 28 of the Lunar Calendar
Custom: Leaving Dough and Pasting Spring Couplets
Besides meat and side dishes, people also prepare cooked wheaten food for the Spring Festival. People in north China mainly eat noodles. They leaven dough, steam buns or cook noodles during the Spring Festival. Today, people also paste spring couplets and pictures. With concise texts and festive patterns, people show their welcome for the Spring Festival. In addition, these activities indicate that the Spring Festival begins.
习俗：发面、贴春联
准备了肉食配菜后，也要准备主食。北方以面为主食，发好面，可以在春节期间蒸馒头或者做面条等食物。这一天也是将春联、年画贴出来的日子。以简洁的文字和喜庆的图案迎接春节、抒发愿望，也意味着春节正式拉开帷幕。
腊月二十九——小除夕
December 29 of the Lunar Calendar
Custom: Paying Tribute to Ancestors
Preparation for the Spring Festival should be completed today, the day before New Year’s Eve. Worshipping ancestors is also a major event on this day, by which people express their gratitude and yearning for their ancestors during the important festival.
习俗：祭祖
过年的准备工作将在除夕前一天的今天全部完成。除此之外，祭祖也是这天的重要活动，以在春节这最重要的节日表达感恩与思念。
大年三十——除夕
December 30 of the Lunar Calendar
December 30 of lunar calendar, also called “Chuxi” (New Year’s Eve), is the last day of the year according to lunar calendar. It means saying goodbye to the last year and welcoming the new year. Chuxi is to Chinese people what Christmas Eve is to Westerners. And it’s also the climax of the whole Spring Festival. There are many customs in every period of time on this special day and those customs have been wellobserved for thousands of years.
大年三十，中国农历的最后一天，又称“除夕”——告别旧日，迎来新年。这一天对每一个中国人来说意义非凡，如同平安夜在圣诞假期中的重要地位一般，整个春节的高潮也在这一天到达顶峰。这一天中，每一个时间段都有约定俗成的讲究，几千年来，延续至今。
7:00-11:30
Preparing for the Reunion Dinner
团年饭准备
In the morning, every family begins killing chicken and fishes as well as cutting meat and vegetables to prepare for the Reunion Dinner.
清晨开始，各家各户就忙着宰鸡、剖鱼、剁肉、切菜……为团年大餐做着最后的筹备工作。
11:30-11:50
Praying to Ancestors
拜敬祖先
Although different regions have different custom, many will pray to their ancestors before the dinner on this day. All the family members hosed by their patriarch offer incense and kowtow to the memorial tablets or the pictures of their ancestors, then they burn paper money and pray one by one. They also present the main dishes of the Reunion Dinner including pork as offerings to their respect to the ancestors.
虽各地都有不同的.习俗，但大多会在今日正式的宴席前拜敬祖先。全家人在家长的主持下，对祖先的牌位、人像烧香叩拜，并逐一烧纸祈福。也会提前将宴席上的主菜如猪肉等作为贡品呈放，以示对先辈的尊敬。
12:00-18:00
Enjoying the Reunion Dinner & Giving Lucky Money
团年饭开席、发压岁钱
The two wonderful meals at this day are called “Reunion Dinners”, among which the New Year’s Eve Dinner is much more important.
There are abundant dishes for the New Year’s Eve Dinner. The dishes are of a wide variety and they all imply the meaning of good luck. Fore example, “fish” shares a similar pronunciation with “Yu” which stands for “abundance”; beetroot sounds like “Cai Tou” that means one can have good luck in the new year. Besides, there are chicken, duck, fish, pork and beef in the dinner, which symbolize a rich new year. While is Sichuan, every family has home-made sausage and cured meat as well as Chinese liquor.
During dinner time, Chinese people do not just eat and drink although the food and drinks are very delicious. They also say some “best wishes” such as “I wish you good health and a long life”, “may all go well with you”, etc. to the elders, and then hope to get lucky money from those happy elders. It is said that the lucky money can drive out evil spirits because it shares the same pronunciation with “Sui” in Chinese (meaning evil spirits), thus children who get lucky money will be safe in the new year. Surely, receiving lucky money is the favorite “event” of every child during the Spring Festival.
除夕日的两顿大餐称为“团年饭”，其中尤以晚餐“年夜饭”为重头戏。
年夜饭的餐桌上总是丰盛异常，菜色虽然五花八门，但宗旨都要有开福纳吉的好寓意。如“鱼”和“余”谐音，象征“年年有余”;“菜头”与“菜头”谐音，象征来年有好彩头，鸡鸭鱼猪牛肉都备齐，则表明来年丰裕。在四川地区，还少不了自家酿制的香肠、腊肉，当然，还有白酒。
热闹的年夜饭进行到中段，酒菜正酣，可别只顾着吃喝，晚辈们此时只须给长辈献上几句如“健康长寿”、“万事如意”的吉祥话，就只等长辈乐呵呵发送压岁钱了。相传压岁钱可以压住邪祟，因为“岁”与“祟”谐音，得到压岁钱的小辈就可以平平安安度过一岁。当然，这也是小辈们无可争议最喜欢的过年“节目”。
20:00
Watching Spring Festival Gala
看春节联欢晚会
Shown during the Chinese New Year’s Eve, the Spring Festival Gala is a large variety show produced by China Central Television. Although it has been criticized for many times because of its outdated contents and forms, the Gala is still an important program for Chinese families to sit together, enjoy family love and share happiness in the Spring Festival.
春节联欢晚会，是中国中央电视台在每年除夕晚上举办的大型文艺晚会。如今虽然饱受形式内容老套的诟病，但依然是大年夜一大家子围坐在沙发上，感受亲情、分享喜乐的重要过年项目。
23:00-24:00
Offering Incense and Praying
上香祈福
Near the midnight, the sound of the Gala has been already covered by the thunder of fireworks outside. At the moment, all the family members go to toll New Year bells and offer incense at 24:00 in a nearby temple. Every year, large temples in different regions hold grand Spring Ritual for Blessings on New Year’s Eve. People put their palms together devoutly and pray for a wonderful new year at the crowded temple. Such activity will last to the end of the first day of the year.
临近午夜，电视机里的声音早已被窗外震耳的炮竹声盖过，人们便扶老携幼全家出动，到附近的寺庙撞新年钟、上子时(零点)香。每年除夕夜，各地大型的寺庙都将举行盛大的新春祈福法会，在人头窜动的寺庙中，人们虔诚地双手合十，祈愿来年的美好。这样的活动也将跨过零点，持续大年初一整日。
正月初一
January 1 of the Lunar Calendar
Custom: New-Year Visits and Collecting Fortune
Visiting relatives is still considered a major event on the first day of the first Lunar month. Also, it is the birthday of “broom”, so it is taboo to use broom or take out trash, otherwise, you might sweep away good fortunes and suffer financial losses.
习俗：拜年聚财
延续自大年夜，拜年依然是大年初一的重要活动。另外由于这天是“扫把星”的生日，正月初一要注意不能动用扫帚，也不要丢垃圾，否则就会扫走运气、破财。
正月初二
January 2 of the Lunar Calendar
Custom: Married Daughters Return to Parents’ Home
Married daughters visit their parents with their husbands on this day, so this day is also called “welcome son-in-law day”. The couple must bring some gifts and red envelopes along with them, and give them to children from the wife’s side of the family. They have to return husband’s family before dinner.
习俗：回娘家
出嫁的女儿回娘家，要与丈夫同行，所以也称“迎婿日”。这一天，回娘家的女儿必须携带一些礼品和红包，分给娘家的小孩，并且在娘家吃午饭，但要在晚饭前赶回婆家。
正月初三
January 3 of the Lunar Calendar
Custom: Staying at Home
According to custom, people should not pay visits to others on the third day of the first lunar month as it is very likely to quarrel with others on this day. However, this has already become obsolete. It is a rare opportunity for people to get reunited during the Spring Festival, so less and less people follow this tradition.
习俗：忌出门
按照习俗，人们在初三通常不会外出拜年，传说这天容易与人发生争执。不过这个习俗早已过时，现在人们难得春节团聚，对此已经淡化许多。
正月初四
January 4 of the Lunar Calendar
Custom: Worshiping the God of Wealth
It is the day for worshipping the God of Wealth. In the past, if an employee was not invited to worship the God of Wealth with the boss, he/she had to resign according to the unwritten rule.
习俗：祭财神
今天是及财神的日子，过去，老板想将某人“炒鱿鱼”，这天就不请他来拜神，对方也就心知肚明，自己收拾走人。
正月初五
January 5 of the Lunar Calendar
Custom: Breaking Five
It is the day to “drive away five ghosts of poverty” (Poverty in intelligence, knowledge, literacy, fate, and friendship). People light firecrackers in the morning form inside to outside of their houses to scare away all the “ghosts”.
习俗：破五
俗称破五，要“赶走五穷”，包括“智穷、学穷、文穷、命穷、交穷(结交“损友”)”。旧时人们在清晨放鞭炮，边放边往门外走，传说如此便可将一切不吉利的东西都轰出门外。
正月初六
January 6 of the Lunar Calendar
Custom: Opening for Business
After lighting firecrackers, shops reopen for business on this day. It is said that boys of the age of 12 are the most welcomed as the number of “12” us double “6”, which means “everything will go well smoothly”.
习俗：宜开业
商户可选择在这天开张营业，而且要大放鞭炮。另外传说这一天最受欢迎的是当年满12岁的男孩，因为12是6的二倍，这叫“六六大顺”。
正月十五
January 15 of the Lunar Calendar
Custom: Dumplings and Lighting Sky LanternsAs the first full moon night in the new year, the fifteenth day is also called
Lantern Festival, named after the long-time tradition of appreciating lanterns. One should not miss Yuanxiao, glutinous rice dumplings, often stuffed with white sugar, rose petals, sesames and so on. The stuffing and round shape symbolize sweet life and reunion. Lantern Festival draws the curtain of the entire Chinese New Year celebration.
习俗：吃元宵、放天灯
作为新年第一个月圆之夜，正月十五又称“上元节”，因历代这一节日有观灯习俗。故又称灯节。元宵节必吃的美食即元宵——汤圆，以白糖、玫瑰、芝麻等为馅，用糯米粉包成圆形，有甜甜蜜蜜、团圆美满之意。过完元宵节，春节正式落下帷幕。
春节传统习俗的英语介绍
Chinese Spring Festival, also called Lunar New Year, has more than 4,000 years of history. Being one of the traditional Chinese festivals, it is the grandest and the most important festival for Chinese people. It is also the time for the whole families to get together, which is similar with Christmas Day to the westerners. Originating during the Shang Dynasty (about 17th - 11th century BC), Spring Festival, which celebrates family reunion, is full of rich and colorful activities, and hopes with the advent of spring and flowers blossoming. People from different regions and different ethnic groups celebrate it in their unique ways.
中国的春节，也被称为农历新年，迄今已有四千多年的历史。对于中国人来说，这是规模最大，最重要的传统节日。就如同西方的圣诞节一样，春节是一家团聚的日子。春节起源于商朝(公元前11-17世纪)，为了庆祝全家团圆和表达对春暖花开的期盼，节日期间会准备丰富多彩的活动。不同地区和不同少数民族人们会用自己独特的方式庆祝这一传统节日。
Festival Time 节日时长
It comes on the first day of Chinese lunar calendar and lasts for almost half of a month. But in folk custom, this traditional holiday lasts from the 23rd day of the twelfth month to the 15th day of the first month (Lantern Festival) in the lunar calendar. Among these days, the New Year’s Eve and the first day of the New Year is the peak time. The exact days are different in every year according to the lunar calendar.
春节从农历新年第一天开始，几乎要持续一整个月。但在民间传统中，这一节日从腊月23日就开始了，直到正月十五(元宵节)。在这些天里，除夕和春节第一天是最热闹的时候。根据农历，每年除夕和春节所在的公历日期都有所不同。
Festival Time 节日时长
It comes on the first day of Chinese lunar calendar and lasts for almost half of a month. But in folk custom, this traditional holiday lasts from the 23rd day of the twelfth month to the 15th day of the first month (Lantern Festival) in the lunar calendar. Among these days, the New Year’s Eve and the first day of the New Year is the peak time. The exact days are different in every year according to the lunar calendar.
春节从农历新年第一天开始，几乎要持续一整个月。但在民间传统中，这一节日从腊月23日就开始了，直到正月十五(元宵节)。在这些天里，除夕和春节第一天是最热闹的时候。根据农历，每年除夕和春节所在的公历日期都有所不同。
Legends 春节传说
There are many legends about Spring Festival in Chinese culture. In folk culture, it is also called “guonian” (meaning “passing a year”). It is said that the “nian” (year) was a strong monster which was fierce and cruel and ate one kind of animal including human being a day. Human beings were scared about it and had to hide on the evening when the “nian” came out. Later, people found that “nian” was very scared about the red color and fireworks. So after that, people use red color and fireworks or firecrackers to drive away “nian”. As a result, the custom of using red color and setting off fireworks remains.
中国文化中有很多关于春节的传说。在传统文化中，春节亦被称为“过年”。传说“年”是一种凶猛异常的怪物，每天都会吃一种动物(包括人)。人们非常惧怕他，当“年”夜间出来活动时，人们会找地方躲起来。后来，人们发现“年”非常害怕红色和爆竹，于是，人们用红色和鞭炮来驱赶“年”。久而久之，春节用大红色和放鞭炮的习俗就保留了下来。
介绍中国传统春节年俗的英语
Spring Festival is the most important holiday for Chinese people. Excitement and happiness are palpable this time of the year， and they reach the peak on lunar new year‘s eve.
春节对于中国人来说是最重要的节日。在每年的春节都让人兴高采烈，尤其是大年三十那晚，更是达到了高潮。
Though the 15-day period， which starts with the first day of the lunar new year and ends on the 15th day (known as Lantern Festival)， is relatively long， it is the busiest time of the year for Chinese people. The arrangements they have to make for family reunions， buying necessities and preparing food keeps them busy throughout the holiday. Many of them travel back home and meet friends over dinner and drinks. The celebrations include decorating the house and setting off fireworks.
春节历时15天，也就从大年初一开始，到元月十五元宵节结束。这段比较长的时间是中国人最忙的时候。他们为家庭聚会作安排，采购年货，准备丰盛的食物，以至于整个春节假期都忙忙碌碌的。许多人在春季期间都要回老家过年，跟朋友碰碰头，聚个餐。庆祝春节也包括大扫除和放烟火。
But we are talking about a tradition that seems to be fading.
但是我们现在要谈的是越来越淡的年味。
Spring Festival， as it is celebrated today， has undergone many changes， thanks to the country‘s economic development and globalization.
现在的春节已经因为我国经济的发展和全球化的.影响而改变了很多。
Yet no Spring Festival is complete without food. People could not get good food whenever they desired in earlier times， something that does not apply to society today. More often than not， people faced the risk of famine. The best time for people to celebrate was when food was available in plenty， and that was possible in spring， or the beginning of the lunar new year. That was the main reason why Spring Festival acquired such great importance among Chinese people.
但是没有哪个春节是完全离得开“吃”的。从前，不论人们提前多久想要买年货，总是不能如愿，而现在早已今非昔比。过去常常还要闹饥荒。人们最好的庆祝时间就是他们能得到食物丰盛的时候，也就是春天或是元月初的那段时间。那也是为什么春节对于中国人如此重要的主要原因。
But three decades of economic growth has ensured that people in China， except for those who are still poor， can enjoy a good meal whenever they want. Such has been the change in people‘s fortune that some have to be treated for obbesity and other health problems associated with excessive eating.
但是三十年来的经济发展已经让中国人，除了那些仍然穷苦的人以外，随时都能享受美食。这得益于人民财富的增长，但是后者也导致一些人吃得太多而受到肥胖威胁和健康问题。
In the past， celebrations were limited to events like song-and-dance duets in North China， dragon/lion dances in South China and fireworks， which required the joint efforts of the entire community. But economic development and urbanization seems to have weakened the social links among people. Many， especially those living in cities， are not interested in celebrating the festival with people they hardly know.
在过去，庆祝春节还只停留在北方的二人转和南方的舞龙舞狮等形式。那些庆祝活动往往需要许多人合力才能办得起来。但是经济的发展和国际化程度的提升似乎已经将这种社会联系弱化了。许多人，特别是城市居民，不太愿意与不相识的人一起共度春节。
Many customs associated with Spring Festival have changed， too. In the past， people used to visit relatives and friends with gifts and lots of good wishes. Today， many people， especially the youth， use their cell phones or the Internet to send their good wishes and even "gifts" to their relatives and friends. Some may say this a sign that people have become less caring about their near and dear ones， but we should see this development as a time- and energy-saving exercise granted by the information age.
与春节相关的许多习俗也被改变了。在过去，人们常常会带着礼物走亲访友，互道祝福。今天许多人，特别是年轻人，用手机或是网络向亲朋好友发去“礼物”和祝福。有些人或许会说，这说明人们已经没有那么关心至爱亲朋了，但是我们应该把这种变化看作信息化时代省钱省力的好办法。
In recent times， many people have started praying for a career promotion or more money instead of invoking God or the Buddha for a healthy and long life and the welfare of their family. But the number of such people is decreasing now， which shows that people are becoming more reasonable.
最近几年，许多人开始祈祷事业高升，财源滚滚，而不是求神拜佛，他们身体健康，长命百岁，家庭美满。但是这样的人数现在正在减少，说明人们开始变得更加理性。
春节习俗英文简介Customs of the Spring Festival
The Spring Festival is a traditional Chinese festival and also the most important one of the whole year. Through the evolvement of thousands of years， a series of customs are spreading far and wide.
扫尘 Sweeping the Dust
“Dust” is homophonic with "chen”(尘)in Chinese， which means old and past. In this way， "sweeping the dust” before the Spring Festival means a thorough cleaning of houses to sweep away bad luck in the past year. This custom shows a good wish of putting away old things to welcome a new life. In a word， just before the Spring Festival comes， every household will give a thorough cleaning to bid farewell to the old year and usher in the new.
贴春联 Pasting Spring Couplets
“The Spring Couplet”， also called "couplet” and "a pair of antithetical phrases”， is a special form of literature in China. The Spring Couplet is composed of two antithetical sentences on both sides of the door and a horizontal scroll bearing an inscription， usually an auspicious phrase， above the gate. The sentence pasting on the right side of the door is called the first line of the couplet and the one on the left the second line. On the eve of the Spring Festival， every household will paste on doors a spring couplet written on red paper to give a happy and prosperous atmosphere of the Festival. In the past， the Chinese usually wrote their own spring couplet with a brush or asked others to do for them， while nowadays， it is common for people to buy the printed spring couplet in the market.
贴窗花和“福”字 Pasting Paper-cuts and "Up-sided Fu”
Paper-cuts， usually with auspicious patterns， give a happy and prosperous atmosphere of the Festival and express the good wishes of Chinese people looking forward to a good life. In addition to pasting paper-cuts on windows， it is common for Chinese to paste the character "fu(福)”， big and small， on walls， doors and doorposts around the houses. "Fu(福)” shows people’s yearning toward a good life. Some people even invert the character "fu(福)” to signify that blessing has arrived because "inverted” is a homonym for "arrive” in Chinese. Now many kinds of paper-cuts and "fu(福)” can be seen in the market before the Festival.
守岁 Staying Up Late on New Year‘s Eve
The tradition of staying up late to see New Year in originated from an interesting folk tale. In ancient China there lived a monster named Year， who was very ferocious. Year always went out from its burrow on New Year’s Eve to devour people. Therefore， on every New Year’s Eve， every household would have supper together. After dinner， no one dared go to sleep and all the family members would sit together， chatting and emboldening each other. Gradually the habit of staying up late on New Year’s Eve is formed. Thus in China， "celebrating the Spring Festival” is also called "passing over the year (guo nian)”。 However， now there are less and less people in cities who will stay up late to see New Year in.
贴年画 Pasting New Year Prints
The custom of pasting New Year Prints originated from the tradition of placing Door Gods on the external doors of houses. With the creation of board carvings， New Year paintings cover a wide range of subjects. The most famous ones are Door Gods， Surplus Year after Year， Three Gods of Blessing， Salary and Longevity， An Abundant Harvest of Crops， Thriving Domestic Animals and Celebrating Spring. Four producing areas of New Year Print are Tɑohuɑwu of Suzhou， Yɑngliuqing of Tianjin， Wuqiɑng of Hebei and Weifang of Shangdong. Now the tradition of pasting New Year paintings is still kept in rural China， while it is seldom followed in cities.
吃饺子 Having Jiaozi
On New Year’s Eve， the whole family will sit together to make jiaozi and celebrate the Spring Festival. The shape of jiaozi is like gold ingot from ancient China. So people eat them and wish for money and treasure. The tradition of having jiaozi is very important during the Spring Festival. You cannot have a complete Spring Festival without having jiaozi. (See page 82 for more information about "jiaozi”)
看春节联欢晚会 The CCTV New Year‘s Gala
The New Year’s Gala is a variety show held by China Central Television (CCTV) since 1983. For every year since then at the turn of the Lunar New Year， the program begins at 8:00PM and lasts five or six hours. It brings laughter to billions of people， creates many popular words and produces lots of TV phenomena meriting attention. For over twenty years， its value has gone far beyond a variety show. It is essential entertainment for the Chinese both at home and abroad. Many Chinese would like to watch the gala while having the dinner on New Year’s Eve.